The phrase "greed versus grievance" or "greed and grievance" refer to the two baseline arguments put forward by scholars of armed conflict War is a behavior pattern exhibited by many primate species including man, and also found in many ant species. The primary feature of this behavior pattern is a certain state of organized violent conflict that is engaged in between two or more separate social entities. Such a conflict is always an attempt at altering either the psychological on the causes of civil war A civil war is a war between organized groups within a single nation state, or, less commonly, between two nations created from a formerly-united nation state. The aim of one side may be to take control of the nation or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government policies. It is high-intensity conflict, often involving, though the argument has been extended to other forms of war War is a behavior pattern exhibited by many primate species including man, and also found in many ant species. The primary feature of this behavior pattern is a certain state of organized violent conflict that is engaged in between two or more separate social entities. Such a conflict is always an attempt at altering either the psychological.
"Greed Greed in psychology is an inordinate desire to acquire or possess more than one needs or deserves, especially with respect to material wealth" is shorthand for the argument that combatants in armed conflicts are motivated by a desire to better their situation ,and perform an informal cost-benefit analysis Under both definitions the process involves, whether explicitly or implicitly, weighing the total expected costs against the total expected benefits of one or more actions in order to choose the best or most profitable option. The formal process is often referred to as either CBA or BCA (Benefit-Cost Analysis) in examining if the rewards of joining a rebellion Rebellion is a refusal of obedience or order . It may, therefore, be seen as encompassing a range of behaviors from civil disobedience and mass nonviolent resistance, to violent and organized attempts to destroy an established authority such as the government. Those who participate in rebellions are known as "rebels". A Rebel is are greater than not joining. "Grievance In a labor union, a grievance is the subject of a complaint filed by an employee to be resolved by procedures provided in the union contract. Such a grievance may arise from an alleged violation of the collective bargaining agreement, or violations of law, such as workplace safety regulations.." stands for the argument that people rebel over issues of identity, e.g. ethnicity An ethnic group is a group of humans whose members identify with each other, through a common heritage that is real or assumed. This shared heritage may be based upon putative common ancestry, history, kinship, religion, language, shared territory, nationality or physical appearance. Members of an ethnic group are conscious of belonging to an, religion A religion is a set of beliefs concerning the cause, nature, and purpose of the universe, especially when considered as the creation of a supernatural agency or agencies, usually involving devotional and ritual observances, and often containing a moral code governing the conduct of human affairs, social class Social classes are the hierarchical arrangements of people in society as economic or cultural groups. Class is an essential object of analysis for sociologists, anthropologists, political economists and social historians. In the social sciences, social class is often discussed in terms of 'social stratification', etc., rather than over economics Economics is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. The term economics comes from the Ancient Greek οἰκονομία from οἶκος (oikos, "house") + νόμος (nomos, "custom" or "law"), hence "rules of the house(hold)". Current economic. In practice, even proponents of strong versions of these arguments admit that the opposing argument has some influence in the development of a conflict.
The strong case for the "greed" argument was made by Paul Collier Paul Collier, CBE is a Professor of Economics, Director for the Centre for the Study of African Economies at The University of Oxford and Fellow of St Antony's College. From 1998 – 2003 he was the director of the Development Research Group of the World Bank and Anke Hoeffler in a study they performed for the World Bank World Bank is a term used to describe an international financial institution that provides leveraged loans to developing countries for capital programs. The World Bank has a stated goal of reducing poverty at the turn of the millennium. Since then, the Collier-Hoeffler Model has been the focus of much of the greed-grievance debate.
External links
- Collier, Paul Paul Collier, CBE is a Professor of Economics, Director for the Centre for the Study of African Economies at The University of Oxford and Fellow of St Antony's College. From 1998 – 2003 he was the director of the Development Research Group of the World Bank and Anke Hoeffler. Greed and Grievance in Civil WarPDF, The World Bank The World Bank Group is a family of five international organizations that makes leveraged loans, generally to poor countries. The Bank came into formal existence on 27 December 1945 following international ratification of the Bretton Woods agreements, which emerged from the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference (1 July – 22 July 1944) Policy Research Working Paper 2355, May 2000
- Ganesan, Arvind and Alex Vines, "Engine of War: Resources, Greed, and the Predatory State" in World Report 2004, Human Rights Watch Human Rights Watch is an international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. Its headquarters are in New York City and it has offices in Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Paris, San Francisco, Tokyo, Toronto, and Washington D.C, 2004
- Berdal, Mats and David M. Malone, eds. Greed & Grievance: Economic Agendas in Civil Wars, Lynne Rienner Publishers: Boulder, Colorado, 2000
- Bragg, Belinda. and Shaykhutdinov, Renat. "Do Grievances Matter: An Experimental Examination of the Greed vs. Grievance Debate" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Society of Political Psychology, Classical Chinese Garden, Portland, Oregon USA, Jul 04, 2007.
- Agbonifo, John. Beyond Greed and Grievance: Negotiating Political Settlement and Peace in AfricaPDF, Peace, Conflict and Development, Issue Four, April 2004, ISSN: 1742-0601
- de Soysa, Indra. Paradise is a Bazaar? Greed, Creed, Grievance and Governance, UNU-WIDER Discussion Paper, 2001/42, ISBN 9789524552080
- Vinci, Anthony. "Greed-Grievance Reconsidered: The Role of Power and Survival in the Motivation of Armed Groups", Civil Wars, Volume 8, Issue 1 2006 , pages 25 - 45
- Bodea, Cristina and Ibrahim A. Elbadawi, "Riots, coups and civil war : revisiting the greed and grievance debate", The World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4397, November 2007
- Abdullah, Ibrahim. "Africans Do Not Live By Bread Alone: Against Greed, Not Grievance"PDF, Africa Review of Books Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa is Pan-African research organisation headquartered in Dakar, Senegal. It was established in 1973, Vol 2, Iss 1, ISSN 0851-7592, pp. 12-13
Categories: Peace and conflict studies Categories: Peace | Conflict | International relations | Sociology | Subfields of political science | Nonviolence | Political science theories Categories: Political science | Scientific theories | Political theories | Military history This category serves as the root for several different schemes for classifying military history, as well as general historiographic topics; it should contain only general articles and sub-categories. It is not the top-level category for all topics related to military history; please see the category guidelines for more information
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The laboring people of this nation have struggled since colonial times against the greed , capriciousness and inhumanity of some employers. ...
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hu, 22 Oct 2009 10:45:23 GM
Those committed to Mother Nature have been known to express their . grievances. with public happenings and large-scale art projects rather than anti-war style marches. We've compiled a slideshow with some of the best acts of civil ... Outrageous is a word better applied to the world-wide destruction and exploitation of the environment driven by corporate . greed. . Reply Favorite Flag as abusive Posted 01:41 PM on 10/22/2009. - + fcsakes I'm a Fan of fcsakes I'm a fan of this ...
